Abstract Lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) accounts for 12% of all head and neck cancers. It is caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet light solar radiation and related to previous actinic cheilitis (AC). This study aimed to investigate the immunostaining of the putative cancer stem cells (CSC) markers ALDH1 and CD44 in AC (n=30) and LSCC (n=20). ALDH1 positivity was found to be statistically higher in LSCC than in AC lesions (p=0.0045), whilst CD44 expression was statistically higher in AC than in LSCC lesions (p=0.0155). ALDH1+ cells in AC lesions were associated with specific clinical features: a younger age (<60 years old), the female gender, white skin, not smoking or consuming alcohol, and a fast evolution, and not associated with the chronic exposure to UV radiation (p<0.0001). CD44 positivity was associated with patients who were male, feoderm, smoked, consumed alcohol, underwent occupational exposure to UV-radiation, and demonstrated lesions with log-time evolution (p<0.0001). ALDH1 + cells were associated with mild dysplasia using a system from the World Health Organization (WHO), and with a low risk of malignant transformation, according to the binary system (p<0.0001). CD44+ cells were also associated with moderated dysplasia, according to the WHO system. In LSCC, ALDH1 + cells were positively associated with patients who were older (≥ 60 years old), smokers, and with those who consumed alcohol (p<0.0001). CD44 + cells in LSCC were associated with older (≥ 60 years old) patients as well, but also with female patients, white skin, non-smokers, and individuals who did not consume alcohol (p<0.0001), all of whom showed distinct patterns in pre- and malignant lesions of both markers. Additionally, in LSCC, both ALDH1 and CD44 staining were associated with smaller tumor sizes (T1/T2; p<0.0001). In summary, although both ALDH1 and CD44 were associated with the presence of dysplasia in AC lesions, the present findings suggest that ALDH1 and CD44 may be activated by different etiopathogenic pathways, predominantly in distinct steps of oral carcinogenesis. CD44 would thus be more significantly related to the potentially malignant lesion, while ALDH1 would be closely linked to malignancy.

OBJETIVO:descrever as características epidemiológicas dos casos de leishmaniose visceral (LV) notificados no município de Bauru, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2012.MÉTODOS:estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), gerido pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde.RESULTADOS:no período estudado, foram notificados 381 casos de LV, distribuídos em 100 (28,6%) bairros da cidade; 61,7% dos casos pertenciam ao sexo masculino; 43,8% eram crianças com idade ≤10 anos; 98,4% eram moradores da zona urbana; a taxa de coinfecção LV/HIV encontrada foi de 9,2%; e 8,1% dos casos evoluíram para óbito.CONCLUSÃO:entre os casos, predominaram homens, residentes na área urbana, em bairros da periferia e com baixa escolaridade; a diversificação dessas características aponta para a necessidade de otimizar as ações de vigilância e controle da doença.

OBJECTIVE:to describe the epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases reported in the municipality of Bauru, state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2004-2012.METHODS:this was a descriptive study using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) managed by the Municipal Health Department.RESULTS:381 cases of VL were reported in the period and were distributed over 100 of the city's districts (28.6%); 61.7% of the studied cases were male; 43.8% were children aged ≤10 years; 98.4% lived in urban areas; VL/HIV co-infection rate was 9.2%; 8.1% of cases died.CONCLUSION:there were more cases among men and those living in the city's urban area, in low-income neighborhoods and those with low education; the diversification of these characteristics point to the need to optimize disease surveillance and control.

OBJETIVO:describir las características epidemiológicas de los casos de leishmaniasis visceral (LV) notificados en el municipio de Bauru, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, en el período de 2004 a 2012.MÉTODOS:estudio descriptivo, sobre datos obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan), gestionado por la Secretaría Municipal de Salud.RESULTADOS:en el período estudiado, fueron notificados 381 casos de LV, distribuidos en 100 (28,6%) barrios de la ciudad; 61,7% de los casos estudiados pertenecían al sexo masculino; 43,8% era de niños con edad ≤10 años; 98,4% era habitante de la zona urbana; la tasa de coinfección LV/HIV encontrada fue de 9,2%; y 8,1% de los casos evolucionó a óbito.CONCLUSIÓN:entre los casos, predominaron hombres, residentes en el área urbana, en barrios de la periferia y de baja escolaridad; la diversificación de esas características señala la necesidad de optimizar las acciones de vigilancia y control de la enfermedad.

OBJETIVO: descrever as características epidemiológicas dos casos de leishmaniose visceral (LV) notificados no município de Bauru, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2012. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), gerido pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. RESULTADOS: no período estudado, foram notificados 381 casos de LV, distribuídos em 100 (28,6%) bairros da cidade; 61,7% dos casos pertenciam ao sexo masculino; 43,8% eram crianças com idade ≤10 anos; 98,4% eram moradores da zona urbana; a taxa de coinfecção LV/HIV encontrada foi de 9,2%; e 8,1% dos casos evoluíram para óbito. CONCLUSÃO: entre os casos, predominaram homens, residentes na área urbana, em bairros da periferia e com baixa escolaridade; a diversificação dessas características aponta para a necessidade de otimizar as ações de vigilância e controle da doença.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases reported in the municipality of Bauru, state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2004-2012. METHODS: this was a descriptive study using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) managed by the Municipal Health Department. RESULTS: 381 cases of VL were reported in the period and were distributed over 100 of the city's districts (28.6%); 61.7% of the studied cases were male; 43.8% were children aged ≤10 years; 98.4% lived in urban areas; VL/HIV co-infection rate was 9.2%; 8.1% of cases died. CONCLUSION: there were more cases among men and those living in the city's urban area, in low-income neighborhoods and those with low education; the diversification of these characteristics point to the need to optimize disease surveillance and control.

OBJETIVO: describir las características epidemiológicas de los casos de leishmaniasis visceral (LV) notificados en el municipio de Bauru, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, en el período de 2004 a 2012. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, sobre datos obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación (Sinan), gestionado por la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. RESULTADOS: en el período estudiado, fueron notificados 381 casos de LV, distribuidos en 100 (28,6%) barrios de la ciudad; 61,7% de los casos estudiados pertenecían al sexo masculino; 43,8% era de niños con edad ≤10 años; 98,4% era habitante de la zona urbana; la tasa de coinfección LV/HIV encontrada fue de 9,2%; y 8,1% de los casos evolucionó a óbito. CONCLUSIÓN: entre los casos, predominaron hombres, residentes en el área urbana, en barrios de la periferia y de baja escolaridad; la diversificación de esas características señala la necesidad de optimizar las acciones de vigilancia y control de la enfermedad.